Wireless-telegraph system.



H0; 837,616. m'r nu'rnn use, 4. 1906. n. 11. c. nunwoomr.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPH SYSTEHQ LPIIIIOLTIEI FILED IL]. 23. 1006.

' .UNITEDJ-sTA E-S NT OFFICE HENRY H. o; DuNwoonY, or WASHINGTON, DISTRICT or COLUMBIA.. WIRELESS-TELEGRAPH SYSTEM-- Specification off Letters Patent.

Patented. Dec. 4,1906.

Application filed March 23,1906. sisal No. 307.679.

or signaling systems, and hasfor its object more particularly to provide an improved wave responsive or detectingdevice, as well as an improved arrangement of such device;

in connection withthe ordinary apparatus of the receiving-station; and to these ends my invention consists in a wave responsive or detecting device, of the character substantially specified, arranged and operating substantially in the manner hereinafter pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein I have indicated some of the ways in which I have utilized rnyinvention, Figure 1 is a diagram of a'wave receiving and signaling appara-tus of a simple form. Fig. 2'is another. diagram; and Figs. 3 to 14 are detailed views showing some specific embodiments and ar-' rangements of the wave-responsive device, which will be more particularly described hereinafter.

My improved wave responsive or detecting device, broadly stated, comprises a mass or body of non-metallic crystalline material,

and in practice I have generally used such a mass or body comprising crystalline silicid of carbon or oarborundum. This material may be in any desired shape or size, and is generally in the form'of a concrete mass or" body of crystals which may vary in size and character, and which are composed of carbon and silicon in a chemical combination forming what is chemically known as a carbid of silicon, or silicid orcarborundum, and is a highly-refractory material, extremely hard and a relatively poor conductor of electricity. This wave-responsive material may be utilized in many and various forms and connected in the circuit of the signal-receiving apparatus in many and various ways, some of which are indicated in the annexed drawings, and I do not, therefore, limit myself to any particular manner of using the material.

In the drawings, A represents an aerial receiving conductor or wave collector or an-- tenn'ae which maybe-of zany well-known or desirable form, being shown, for convenience,- as embodying what is generallyknown as the fan type of aerial receiver. This receiver or collector is connected to a conductor a,

having a ground terminal a, and interposed inthis conductor is the wave-responsive de- Vice W. p

InFig 1 there is abranch circuit including a battery B and conductors b b, which are connected to the conductors a a at opposite sides of the wave-responsive, device W.

This circuit includes a signal-receiving device; shown in the present case as in the form of an ordinary magnetotelephone receiver R, in practice this being usually embodied in the ordinary head-telephone form for convenience.

T-he wave-responsive device W, indicated in .Fig. 1, may be of'many and various forms and in Fig. 3 I have indicated it in'the form of a mass or body of crystalline material as carborundum, to which the ends of the wires 7 or conductors a a, are secured in any suitable way as, by being twisted or bound tightly around the ends of the body.' 7

- In Fig. 4. the wave-responsive device is shown in the form of a regular mass W of the crystalline material supported between two plates or bodies P P of conducting material, to which the conductors a aar'e' connected.

In Fig. 5 the we re-responsive device W comprises two pieces or bodies of the crystalline material or carborundum having at least one relativelysharp edge, and the edges of. the two pieces are placed in contact and may be supported in this relation in any suitable way, and are included in the circuit as before.

In Fig. 6 the wave-responsive device W is shown in the form of a relatively thin plate or mass of carborun'dum supported between adjusting-screws s s, mounted in a suitable frame or support S and connected in the electric circuit.

In Fig. 7 I'haveindicated a concrete mass YV of the material, to one end of which the conductor a is connected in any suitable way, as by being turned or twisted around the body, while the other terminal or conductor a, simply rests in contact with the mass. In Fig. 8 the material W is connected to one of the condu ctors or wires a, and rests by gravity u on a plate I connected to the other c'on' uctor orwire a. In Fig. 9 the wave-res onsive device W com rises two bodies of t e crystalline ma 5 teri'a connected to the conductors as before,

but having portions of their bodies tively loose contact. 7 In Fig. 10, Ihave shown a vessel V containing some electrolyte, as mercury, or an IO acid, or an alkali fluid, and the wave-responsive .device W is referably in the form of a pointed mass, an atone end is connected to theconductor a the smaller or ointed mass being immersed to a greater or ess extent in V the electrolyte, and the other conductor a is either-connected to the vessel V, if it is of conducting material, or to a separate electrode or 'terminal a immersed in the electrolytic fluid;

comprises the mass W of the crystalline material connected to one conductor (1 immersed in an electrolyte, While the other conductor (1 extends into the electrolyte at a distance away from the mass. f

In Fig. 12 is shown a substantially similar arrangement, except that there are two bodies or masses of crystalline wave-respon- 'sive material W immersed in the electrol te. i In Figs. 13 and 14 I have shown another em bodiment of my invention, wherein Nrepresents a needle or conductor resting upon the edges of several pieces or blocks W of carborundum, which are electrically connected together. In some able to hold the needle or conductor in position as by a weight N, or a permanent mag- 1 net N and in these cases, the needle-and 0 the terminals, as indicated.

I have found that all of these various forms or embodiments of my invention are operative as wave-responsive devices, and I have made other embodiments and arrangements, not necessary to recite herein, these being sufiicient to show the various manners of using my improved wave-responsive device or material.

In Fig. 2, I have illustrated an arrange- 5o ment which I have found to be practically operative, in which there is an aerial receiver or wave-collector A, in which the antennae are connected by the conductors a a, to the ground conductor or antennae a, and there is a signal-rec eiver R in the circuit from a portion of the antennae between them and the ground. The receiver is bridged by a shuntcircuits 0', including agwave-responsive de vice W, there being no battery or other independent source of electric current. With this arrangement of' circuits in connection with my improved wave-responsive device, I

in rela" In 11 the wave-responsive device mstances it is desircarborundum are-respectively connected to c'eiving-station.

l have been enabled to receive signals'sent several hundred miles distant from the're- It will be understood that any and all of the various forms of wave-responsive devices illustrated can be used in either of the arrangements of circuits described and illustrated'in Figs. 1 and 2, or in, any equivalent arrangement of circuits. v

' It vvillbe understood that in actual practice, it is desirable to use some of the wellknown tuning devices in connection with th s; wave-responsive device, as these tuning de ivices suppress a great many false signals, which would otherwise interfere to a greater or less extent with the understanding of the message, but I do not deem'it necessary to show or describe any of these well-known adjuncts, as the wave-responsive device is operative without them as well as with them.

One of the advantages ofthe use of my improved wave-responsive material, es ecially in connection with an electrolyte in t e manner indicated in Figs. 10 to 12 for instance, is that it is not only very sensitive'as a receiver, but I have also found that it possesses the great advantage that the carborundum will not burn out or be destroyed when the re/- ceiver is located near a sending-station. Or, in other words, that the intense disturbances or waves produced at a sending-station located in proximity tomy improved receiver, do not destroy or injure the same, as is the case with many other responsive devices of the electrolytic type.

If desired, the wave-responsive devices shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, may have a coating of glass or other insulating material of such form as to leavethe desired area of the mass exposedf What I claim'is,.

1-. In the art of wireless telegra hy, as a wave-responsive device, a mass '0 non-metallic crystalline material.

2. In the art of wireless telegraphy, a

wave-responsive device consisting essentially of carbon and silicon. I

3. In the art of wireless telegraphy, as a Wave-responsive device carbon and silicon chemical combination.

4. In the art of wireless telegraphy, a wave-res onsive device consisting essentially of crysta e carbon and silicon.

5. In the art of wireless telegraphy, as a wave-responsive device a concrete mass of crystalline silicide of carbon.

- 6. In the artv of wireless telegraphy, as a gave-responsive device a body of carborun- 7. In'the art of wireless telegraphy, as a wave responsive device an electrolyte and a mass of non-metallic crystalline material.

8. In the art of wireless telegraphy, ass.

wave-responsive device an electrolyte and l Wave-responsive device a mass of carborunelectrodes of non-1netallic crystalline lnatedum. IO rial extending therein. In testimony whereof I affix my signatur 9. In the art of wireless telegraphy, a rein presence of two witnesses. ceiving apparatus comprising an aerial Wire, HENRY H. (J. DUNWOODY. a ground connection, a signal device in the Witnesses: ground connection, and a shunt-circuit bridg- FRANK L. FREEMAN,

ing the signaling device and including as a MILTON TIBBETTs. 

